A. Mod de formare Afirmativ: Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv (la persoana a III-a singular se adauga terminatia „-s” sau „-es”) Exemple: 1.I go to school every day. 2. He reads a book every month. 3. She lives in Bucharest. Interogativ: Do / Does (pers.III, sg.) + Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv Exemple: 1. Do you go to school every day? 2. Does he read a book every month? 3. Does she live in Bucharest? Negativ: Subiect + do / does (pers.III, sg.) + not + Verbul la infinitiv Se folosesc adesea contractiile don’t (do + not) si doesn’t (does + not) Exemple: 1. I don’t go to school every day. 2. He doesn’t read a book every month. 3. She doesn’t live in Bucharest.

B. Reguli pentru adaugarea terminatiei „-s” sau „-es” la afirmativ pentru persoana a III-a singular

! La majoritatea verbelor se adauga terminatia „-s” la persoana a III-a singular la afirmativ

Exemple:
I talk – He talks
I work – He works
I sleep – He sleeps

! Verbelelor care se termina in –ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o li se adauga terminatia „-es”

Exemple:
I kiss – He kisses
I wish – He wishes
I catch – He catches
I mix – He mixes
I go – He goes

! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o consoana, se inlocuieste litera y cu litera i, iar apoi se adauga terminatia „-es”

Exemple:
I fly – He flies
I study – He studies
I cry – He cries

! La verbele care se termina in litera y precedata de o vocala, se adauga terminatia „-s”

Exemple:
I pay – He pays
I stay – He stays
I play – He plays

C. Folosim Prezentul Simplu pentru:

• activitati zilnice, saptamanale, lunare, anuale
Exemple:
I go to the mountains every month.
We have breakfast at 7.30 every morning.

• obiceiuri, hobby-uri
Exemple:
She plays tennis in her free time.
In the summer, they go to the seaside.

• situatii permanente
Exemplu:
He lives in Paris. I work as a manager.

• a exprima actiuni care respecta un anumit program
Exemple:
The bus for Bucharest lives at 12.15 on Monday.
I have Maths Friday at 11.30.

• situatii emotionale
Exemple:
I love my girlfriend very much.
He hates cats.

• adevaruri generale
Exemple:
The earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100°C.

D. Expresii cu care se foloseste adesea Prezentul Simplu:

every day/ week/ month/ year etc., every morning/ evening/ afternoon/ night, usually, always, sometimes, often, never, in the morning/evening/night etc.

Exemple:
1. He goes to the gim every day.
2. I play football every week.
3. We go to the dentist every year.
4. She watches TV every evening.
5. She usually studies hard for her exams.
6. I always do my homework.
7. He sometimes goes shopping.
8. I often play pool with my friends.
9. She never go to school by bus.
10. In the evening we play Monopoly.

Exercitii:

1. Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular. Consultati mai intai exemplul:
Exemplu:
They live in Craiova. (He)
He lives in Craiova, too.

1. I fly from Bucharest to Rome every week. (Mary)
2. We usually play in the park. (John)
3. They like their jobs very much. (He)
4. I want a new car. (She)
5. You wake up at 7 o’clock. (Paul)
6. You always wash the dishes. (Angela)
7. We watch TV every afternoon. (Tom)
8. I go to school by bus. (My brother)
9. You cook every Saturday. (My mother)
10. We study hard for our exams. (Mark)

2. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:
Exemplu:
You like swimming.
Do you like swimming?

1. He lives in Bucharest.
2. You wear an uniform at school.
3. My father drives very well.
4. Mr. Smith teaches English.
5. You like pizza and hamburgers.
6. My neighbour works as an engineer.
7. Your father repairs the car every month.
8. We drink coffee every morning.
9. Mary pays her bills every month.
10. He goes to bed very early every evening.

3. Folositi forma negativa pentru propozitiile urmatoare, folosind cuvintele din paranteze, la fel ca in exemplul de mai jos:
Exemplu:
I like Maths. (Physics)
I like Maths, but I don’t like Physics

1. Mary writes postcards. (letters)
2. I go to the cinema. (theatre)
3. They read newspapers. (books)
4. You study French. (English)
5. Mr. Brown works in an office. (at home)
6. I like football. (rugby)
7. He drives a car. (a lorry)
8. Dan and John travel by train. (plane)
9. We drink tea. (coffee)
10. She plays chess every day. (tennis)

4. Formulati propozitii folosind conjunctia but:
Exemple:
I watch TV every evening. (John)
I watch TV every evening, but John doesn’t.
He doesn’t speak French. (they)
He doesn’t speak French, but they do.

1. Julia washes the dishes. (I)
2. He doesn’t want to go to the seaside. (his girlfriend)
3. I go to the cinema every week. (they)
4. She doesn’t swim. (her sister)
5. We have breakfast early in the morning. (Paul)
6. I don’t play football. (my best friend)
7. Me and my brother play on the computer. (Michael)
8. John doesn’t read the newspaper every day. (we)
9. My mother likes to go shopping. (I)
10. You don’t travel by plane. (she)

5. Adauga propozitiilor de mai jos adverbele din paranteze:
Exemplu:
I have lunch at 12 o’clock. (always)
I always have lunch at 12 o’clock.

1. My sister gets up at 10 o’clock. (usually)
2. We play football on Sundays. (sometimes)
3. I go out with a stranger. (never)
4. She listens to music in the evening. (always)
5. He goes to school by bus. (often)
6. I eat a hamburger in the morning. (never)
7. I read the newspaper in the evening. (usually)
8. In the morning I play on the computer. (sometimes)
9. Mother washes the dishes in the evening. (always)
10. They go skiing in the winter. (often)

RASPUNSURI

1. Puneti propozitiile urmatoare la persoana a III-a singular:

1. I fly from Bucharest to Rome every week. (Mary)
Mary flies from Bucharest to Rome every week, too.
2. We usually play in the park. (John)
John usually plays in the park, too.
3. They like their jobs very much. (He)
He likes his job very much, too.
4. I want a new car. (She)
She wants a new car, too.
5. You wake up at 7 o’oclock. (Paul)
Paul wakes up at 7 o’clock, too.
6. You always wash the dishes. (Angela)
Angela always washes the dishes, too.
7. We watch TV every afternoon. (Tom)
Tom watches TV every afternoon, too.
8. I go to school by bus. (My brother)
My brother goes to school by bus, too.
9. You cook every Saturday. (My mother)
My mother cooks every Saturday, too.
10. We study hard for our exams. (Mark)
Mark studies hard for his exams, too.

2. Scrieti forma interogativa a urmatoarelor propozitii:

1. He lives in Bucharest.
Does he live in Bucharest?
2. You wear an uniform at school.
Do you wear an uniform at school?
3. My father drives very well.
Does your father drive very well?
4. Mr. Smith teaches English.
Does Mr Smith teach English?
5. You like pizza and hamburgers.
Do you like pizza and hamburgers?
6. My neighbour works as an engineer.
Does your neighbour work as an engineer?
7. Your father repairs the car every month.
Does your father repair the car every month?
8. We drink coffee every morning.
Do we drink coffee every morning?
9. Mary pays her bills every month.
Does Mary pay her bills every month?
10. He goes to bed very early every evening.
Does he go to bed very early every evening?

3. Folositi forma negativa pentru propozitiile urmatoare, folosind cuvintele din paranteze:

1. Mary writes postcards. (letters)
Mary writes postcards, but she doesn’t write letters.
2. I go to the cinema. (theatre)
I go to the cinema, but I don’t go to the theatre.
3. They read newspapers. (books)
They read newspapers, but they don’t read books.
4. You study French. (English)
You study French, but you don’t study English.
5. Mr. Brown works in an office. (at home)
Mr. Brown works in an office, but he doesn’t work at home.
6. I like football. (rugby)
I like football, but I don’t like rugby.
7. He drives a car. (a lorry)
He drives a car, but he doesn’t drive a lorry.
8. Dan and John travel by train. (plane)
Dan and John travel by train, but they don’t travel by plane.
9. We drink tea. (coffee)
We drink tea, but we don’t drink coffee.
10. She plays chess every day. (tennis)
She plays chess every day, but she doesn’t play tennis.

4. Formulati propozitii folosind conjunctia but:

1. Julia washes the dishes. (I)
Julia washes the dishes, but I don’t.
2. He doesn’t want to go to the seaside. (his girlfriend)
He doesn’t want to go to the seaside, but his girlfriend does.
3. I go to the cinema every week. (they)
I go to the cinema every week, but they don’t.
4. She doesn’t swim. (her sister)
She doesn’t swim, but her sister does.
5. We have breakfast early in the morning. (Paul)
We have breakfast early in the morning, but Paul doesn’t.
6. I don’t play football. (my best friend)
I don’t play football, but my best friend does.
7. Me and my brother play on the computer. (Michael)
Me and my brother play on the computer, but Michael doesn’t.
8. John doesn’t read the newspaper every day. (we)
John doesn’t read the newspaper every day, but we do.
9. My mother likes to go shopping. (I)
My mother likes to go shopping, but I don’t.
10. You don’t travel by plane. (she)
You don’t travel by plane, but she does.

5. Adauga propozitiilor de mai jos adverbele din paranteze:

1. My sister gets up at 10 o’clock. (usually)
My sister usually gets up at 10 o’clock.
2. We play football on Sundays. (sometimes)
We sometimes play football on Sundays.
3. I go out with a stranger. (never)
I never go out with a stranger.
4. She listens to music in the evening. (always)
She always listens to music in the evening.
5. He goes to school by bus. (often)
He often goes to school by bus.
6. I eat a hamburger in the morning. (never)
I never eat a hamburger in the morning.
7. I read the newspaper in the evening. (usually)
I usually read the newspaper in the evening.
8. In the morning I play on the computer. (sometimes)
In the morning I sometimes play on the computer.
9. Mother washes the dishes in the evening. (always)
Mother always washes the dishes in the evening.
10. They go skiing in the winter. (often)
They often go skiing in the winter.

1. In the Egypt of 3000 years ago both women and men ________ make up and lots of perfume.
a) used to wear
b) wear
c) have worn
d) were wearing
2. The pyramids of Giza were built _________ the 4th dynasty.
a) while
b) as
c) during
d) for
3. Some people believe that the Sphinx was built __________ the pyramids.
a) for protecting
b) for protect
c) for to protect
d) to protect
4. In a modern Egyptian marriage the family of the bride and groom are likely to pay for the wedding together. Which expression below is the odd one out?
a) Go halves
b) Split the cost
c) Foot the bill
d) Go Dutch
5. What’s the name we give to the Egypt of 3000 years ago?
a) Very old Egypt
b) Early Egypt
c) Ancient Egypt
d) Antique Egypt
6. Which of the following is NOT correct? “Some Egyptian kings ________ to have
become gods after their death”.
a) are believed
b) are said
c) are thought
d) are told
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1. Which is the most natural question? ‘__________ anything tonight?’
a) Are you doing
b) Will you do
c) Do you do
d) Would you like to do
2. And the most natural answer? ‘Sorry, __________ my hair’.
a) I’m washing
b) I will wash
c) I wash
d) I washed
3. What’s the most natural way to complete this arrangement? ‘Do you want to come and see a film? We ________ outside school at 7′.
a) meet
b) will meet
c) ‘re meeting
d) met
4. Which is the most natural question? ‘I might meet you at the cinema, what time
_____________?
a) is the film starting
b) will the film start
c) does the film start
d) did the film start
5. Which is the most natural future form? ‘If you’re not there, I _________ you a bell on your mobile’.
a) ‘m going to give
b) give
c) gave
d) ‘ll give
6. Which is the most natural question? ‘What ________ we have for dinner?’
a) will
b) do
c) shall
d) are

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What is the difference between effective and efficient? Let’s say you had to travel from Rome to Paris; what means of transportation would you use? You could walk, run, ride a bike, drive a car, use a motorcycle, take a train, or fly (by plane). All of these methods of transportation are effective, they work; you will get there. But, which methods require the least amount of energy and accomplish the job in the shortest period of time? These methods are the most efficient. I am sure you would agree that traveling by plane is more efficient than riding a bike although Lance Armstrong might not agree.

Learning English can be broken down into two areas: input and output. Input consists of reading and listening while output consists of writing and speaking. Clearly, in order to have good quality output, you must have a lot of good quality input. Think of how long a child listens before beginning to speak. As adults, we are not going to wait two years before attempting to speak, but the more input we get, the more output we can produce. The same applies for reading and writing. The more you read, the better you write. I can even say that the more you read, write and listen, the better you speak.

My advice to all serious English learners is to approach your goal with a sense of urgency. That means you need to work effectively, but more importantly, you need to work efficiently. Based on my years of teaching and studying foreign languages, I have put together what I consider to be the most effective and efficient ways to develop each area of language.

Input

Reading

Learn at least five new vocabulary words every day. My suggestion is to use index cards with the word on one side and the definition on the other. Keep the cards in a box and review them frequently by saying the word and trying to give the definition. Keep the definitions as short and concise as possible. Five to seven words is best. If you learn five words a day, that’s 1,825 words per year. Considering that the average high school student probably has a vocabulary of 5,000 to 6,000 words, in a few years your vocabulary should be sufficient enough to understand nearly everything written in English.
Time commitment: 30 minutes.

Listening

Listen to talk radio. The objective of listening to English is to hear as many words as possible in as short a period as possible. The more times you hear a word, the better you will be able to use that word. There is no more efficient way to do this than talk radio. The vocabulary is very diverse and there are no periods of silence because unlike television, visuals cannot be used to keep an audiences attention. The key is to listen as often as possible. Maximize your time by listening to talk radio when doing other activities such as driving, walking, cooking, eating, getting dressed. If you can, try keeping the radio on while you go to sleep so it’s the last thing you hear while falling asleep and the first thing you hear as you wake up.
Time commitment: 0.

Output

Writing

Keep a journal and write at least 500 words per day. By writing every day you will be reinforcing everything you have learned. It will also force you to question the accuracy of what you are writing. This process of intense concentration will help organize the vast array of information you have in your subconscious mind. Write about whatever you want, but be sure to challenge yourself with new vocabulary and various grammar structures.
Time commitment: 30 minutes.

Speaking

Read aloud. Reading aloud allows you to practice perfectly. Remember that it is perfect practice that makes perfect. By reading aloud you are speaking grammatically perfect English. If you have a typical conversation, errors will be made. Not just for English learners, but for native speakers as well. If  errors are repeated continually, it becomes increasingly more difficult to correct those errors. Also, you will be using vocabulary words that you would not normally use. In a typical one hour conversation, you might speak for 30 minutes with a number of errors, but if you read aloud, you can speak for one hour without any grammar mistakes using new vocabulary words.
Time commitment: 1-2 hours minimum.

Do these four things each day for one month and I promise you that you will be amazed at your improvement. There are no secrets to language acquisition, just a lot of hard work to accomplish something that will enhance your life forever.

Successful people do the things that unsuccessful people are unwilling to do!

I wish you all the best on your journey!

Thanks to Thomas Williams, EC San Diego

Auxiliary verbs are also known as ‘helping verbs’.

The three most common auxiliary verbs are:

be, do and have

I am leaving = Leaving is the main verb. Am is the auxiliary.

She has arrived = Arrived is the main verb. Has is the auxiliary.

Do you smoke? = Smoke is the main verb. Do is the auxiliary.

do/does/did

Do is common for forming questions and making negatives.

Did is used for do and does in the past tense. Do and does is never used for the past.

In statements

I do my homework.

You do the laundry.

We do the washing up.

They do yoga.

He/she does the cleaning.

In questions

Do I know you?

Do you live here?

Do we have time?

Do they come from Vietnam?

Does he/she drive to work?

In negative sentences

I do not. (I don’t)

You do not. (you don’t)

We do not. (we don’t)

They do not. (they don’t)

He/she does not. (he/she doesn’t)

Be=am/is/are.

Be can be used as an auxiliary verb or the main verb in a sentence.

Is tells us that an action is happening now or is going to happen in the future. Be is also used to make passives.

Are is used for they and we.

Was is used for the past tense of am and is.

Were is used for the past tense of you, we and they.

In statements

I am 21.

You are Indian.

We are waiting.

They are excited

He/she is cool.

In questions

Am I in the right place?

Are you my new boss?

Are we nearly there?

Are they the best players on the team?

Is he/she old enough to go to bars?

In negative sentences

I am not. (I aren’t)

You are not. (you aren’t)

We are not. (we aren’t)

They are not. (they aren’t)

He/she is not. (he/she isn’t)

Have= has/ had

Have is used to make the present perfect tense (it is always followed by the past participle).

Has is used for the third person singular.

Had is used for past tenses especially the past perfect tense. It describes an action that began in the past and continues into the present or that occurred in the recent past.

In statements

I have a dog.

You have something on your shirt.

We have seen it before.

They have called me three times.

He/she has lived in America.

In negative sentences

I have not. (I haven’t/ I’ve not)

You have not. (you haven’t/you’ve not)

We have not. (we haven’t/we’ve not)

They have not. (they haven’t/they’ve not)

He/she has not (he/she hasn’t)

others

Other common auxiliary verbs are:

can, could, may, might, must, ought, should, and would.

These are also known as modal verbs. We use them to show obligation, possibility and necessity. For example:

Jack is late. He might be sleeping. (possibility)

I should clean my room today. (obligation)

I must wear a tie to school. (necessity)

answering questions

Auxiliary verbs are useful in giving short answers to questions. Basically, your answer can end with the auxiliary verb. The following examples are natural and completely acceptable ways to answer questions:

Do you like reading?

Yes, I do (like reading)

Can you speak English?

Yes, I can (speak English)

Do you have a sister?

No, I don’t (have a sister)